Here is a list of Middle Eastern countries (or their nationals, governments, or state-backed groups) that have attacked the United States either militarily, through terrorism, or other acts of aggression since the founding of the United States. This includes both state-sponsored actions and terrorist attacks linked to actors from these nations.
⚔️ 1. Ottoman Empire (Modern-day Turkey)
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Timeframe: Early 19th century
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Event: Barbary Wars (1801–1815)
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The U.S. fought against the Barbary States (Tripoli, Tunis, and Algiers under Ottoman suzerainty) over piracy and demands for tribute.
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These were America’s first overseas military conflicts.
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Although semi-autonomous, these states were under the Ottoman umbrella.
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💣 2. Iran
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Timeframe: Post-1979 Islamic Revolution
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Events:
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1979 U.S. Embassy Hostage Crisis in Tehran: 52 Americans held hostage for 444 days.
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1983 Beirut Barracks Bombing: Hezbollah (backed by Iran) killed 241 U.S. service members.
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1996 Khobar Towers bombing in Saudi Arabia: 19 U.S. Airmen killed—blamed on Iran-backed Hezbollah Al-Hejaz.
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2020: Attack on U.S. Embassy in Baghdad by Iran-backed militias.
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Ongoing: Iran continues to back proxy groups (like Kataib Hezbollah and the Houthis) that attack U.S. forces and assets in the Middle East.
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🏴☠️ 3. Iraq
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Timeframe: Under Saddam Hussein (Ba'ath regime)
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Events:
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1991 Gulf War: Iraq invaded Kuwait, triggering U.S.-led coalition intervention.
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1993: Iraq plotted an assassination attempt on former President George H.W. Bush.
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2003–2011 Iraq War: U.S. invaded Iraq over WMD concerns; Iraqi insurgents (including Ba'athists and Shia militias) fought U.S. forces.
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Militias backed by Iran in Iraq continue attacking U.S. bases and personnel.
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☠️ 4. Saudi Arabia
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Controversial and Indirect
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Event:
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9/11 Attacks (2001): 15 of the 19 hijackers were Saudi nationals.
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Official Saudi government denial of involvement, but lawsuits and declassified documents have raised questions about indirect support or negligence.
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Some Saudi clerics and charities also funded radical Islamist groups prior to post-9/11 reforms.
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🧨 5. Lebanon
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Event:
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Hezbollah, an Iran-backed Lebanese militia and political group, was responsible for:
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1983 Beirut Marine barracks bombing
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1984 U.S. Embassy annex bombing in Beirut
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Multiple hostage-takings of Americans in the 1980s.
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🚀 6. Syria
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Timeframe: Under Hafez and Bashar al-Assad
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Events:
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Hosted and aided terrorist groups attacking U.S. forces.
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Accused of allowing jihadi fighters into Iraq during the U.S. occupation (2003–2011).
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U.S. has conducted airstrikes against Iranian-backed Syrian militias attacking American troops in the region.
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🛰️ 7. Yemen
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Event:
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USS Cole bombing (2000): Al-Qaeda in Yemen killed 17 U.S. sailors.
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Recent attacks by the Houthis (Ansar Allah), an Iran-backed group in Yemen, targeting U.S. ships and commercial vessels in the Red Sea (2023–2024).
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🧠 Note on Terror Groups from Middle Eastern Nations:
Many non-state terror groups with bases in Middle Eastern countries have attacked the U.S. or its interests:
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Al-Qaeda (originated in Saudi Arabia, based in Afghanistan and later Yemen)
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ISIS (based in Iraq and Syria)
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Hamas (Gaza Strip, with support from Iran and Qatar)
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Hezbollah (Lebanon, Iran-backed)
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